How did Georgia force the removal of natives if the Supreme Court ruled that it could not impose its laws on the Cherokee?
Chief John Ross 1863 F. Gutekunst (Photographer)
Andrew Jackson, even after multiple appeals from Cherokee National Principal Chief John Ross that the president engage Georgia’s governor and mediate on behalf of his former allies in the War of 1812, refused. He asserted that the federal government had no constitutional authority to interfere in an issue that was a state’s right. Georgia was authorized to establish laws that protected the rights of its citizens, and if that action required the removal of a “ward” group of people, then that action was appropriate in Jackson’s view.
However, many did not agree with Jackson’s interpretation of the United States Constitution and the role of the executive branch. Among those who supported the enforcement of previous treaties guaranteeing the Cherokee the right to reside on lands that had been “granted” by previous administrations was a group of white missionaries and teachers living among the Cherokee. Continue reading
Charleston, South Carolina, is a city steeped in the rich history of the American Revolutionary War, offering a unique blend of historical sites and stories that bring the era of American independence to life. This article delves into several key locations and events that highlight Charleston’s significant role in the Revolutionary War. 
This amendment was introduced by James Madison to ensure that the Bill of Rights was not seen as an exhaustive list of the rights of the people. It acknowledges that there are other fundamental rights that exist even though they are not specifically mentioned in the Constitution. The Ninth Amendment serves as a constitutional safety net intended to make clear that individuals have other fundamental rights, in addition to those enumerated in the Constitution. 
I have a confession before I launch into today’s history story. I’m a Tennessean who had three great-great-grandfathers who fought alongside General Andrew Jackson at the Battle of New Orleans; a Tennessean who grew up with stories of the general as the hero of the War of 1812. I am still a Tennessean, but one who has lived for the last 46 years in Chattanooga — the origin of the Trail of Tears — and who now understands more clearly the multi-faceted Jackson, who defies a simple analysis as a man and as a president.
While digging through a folder of items belonging to my grandmother during her high school years, I came across several copies of Weekly News Review, a periodical full of news items and current events apparently geared toward young students… 
The state’s literacy rates have been on the decline since the 2014-15 school year, with a six-point fall between the 2018-19 and 2020-21 school years. Micah Clark, director of the 
James Monroe had enjoyed his eight years in the White House and, while well liked without perhaps the reverence citizens had exhibited for George Washington and Thomas Jefferson, his administration had expanded the nation’s footprint with Florida and its international role with the Monroe Doctrine. His strong sense of nationalism was appropriate for a time when the republic was evolving and growing, and his devotion to the precedents of the past fueled his decision to only serve two terms. After all, he had run unopposed in 1820, and there were those who encouraged him to “stay the course,” but Washington’s words made that decision for him. 
If you mention James Monroe’s presidency and foreign diplomacy, most students of history immediately think “Monroe Doctrine,” a uniquely crafted document that would be applied time and again — across the decades — as a cornerstone of international policy. How did the Monroe Doctrine come into existence? 
Most young folks today think that everything that happened before they were born is ancient history, and therefore, totally irrelevant. Hopefully, as they grow in age and maturity they will shed this truncated worldview and grasp the fact that the past has a large influence on the future. I have noted, over the years, that if our view of the past is faulty, then our vision for the future will be also, Most historians today give our young people a faulty view of the past because it is one they were taught themselves. 
The War of 1812 had highlighted the need for easy movement between regions and unity’s impact on military security. James Monroe inherited that concern. As the nation expanded and additional territorial lands met the requirements for statehood and applied for admission to the Union, the need for internal improvements was obvious. Relatively primitive roads on the frontier, aided only by water transport, made the movement of goods and military assets difficult.