The Forgotten Black Explorers Who Transformed Americans’ Understanding of the Wilderness

Esteban, York and James Beckwourth charted the American frontier between the 16th and 19th centuries.

York, the enslaved man who accompanied Lewis and Clark on their history-making expedition, appears in the rightmost canoe in this 1905 painting by Charles Marion Russell. Public domain via Wikimedia Commons

Every summer, millions of Americans flock to the United States’ 63 national parks. Federally protected wilderness areas offer people the chance to explore a wide variety of terrain, from the vibrant canyons of the Southwest to the imposing mountains of the West Coast. Today, these public lands often represent an escape for Americans, 81 percent of whom live in cities. Some may agree with the naturalist John Muir, who believed that “wildness is a necessity” and national parks are “fountains of life.”

When Americans walk through dense forests or descend into gloomy caverns, they might recall explorers of the past who trekked across the country decades before Congress established Yellowstone as the U.S.’s first national park in 1872. Names like Daniel Boone, Davy Crockett and Kit Carson loom large in the popular imagination. But their stories are not the only ones. Continue reading

~ Comment from a Retired Teacher ~

The following is a commentary which was posted on a column dated February 7, 2025 by a reader to the complete column which I have published on the Federal Observer entitled, The National Assessment of America’s Educational REGRESS. It was written by a retired teacher – but from a personal standpoint – I felt that what you are about to read – was far more POINT BLANK than the column itself. ~ Jeffrey Bennett ~ Editor

Several thoughts come to mind…

1. The teachers unions are strictly unions for the teachers. As a forced member of one of them years ago when I was a teacher you learn very quickly that they are organized to fight for more pay, better benefits, less work and very little accountability for the teachers. They care very little about students and achievement.

2. There are quite a few reasons for the continuing decline of education in America, and too many to write about here, but one of the main reasons is parental involvement and expectations. Too many parents invest little into their kids education and they expect the school to do everything and they have decided that they have nothing to do with their own children’s development. Once again, I could write about my experience in length, but space doesn’t allow it.

3. I left public school and went to private school because I couldn’t with good conscience teach the liberal dogma expected in the classroom. I taught for 29 years in a private Christian school and the expectations in the classroom for teachers, students, admin, and parents was remarkably different.

You ask why private school kids typically score higher on tests and learn at a more aggressive rate, it boils down to those expectations and following through with them.

There are many factors involved, but the unions do little except protect their own at the expense of the students they are expected to teach

William Wallace
February 7, 2025

Georgini: Discover Why Thomas Jefferson Meticulously Monitored the Weather Wherever He Went

The third president knew that the whims of nature shaped Americans’ daily lives as farmers and enslavers

Between July 1776 and June 1826, Jefferson recorded weather conditions in 19,000 observations across nearly 100 locations. Illustration by Meilan Solly / Images via Wikimedia Commons under public domain and the Jefferson Weather and Climate Records

The Declaration of Independence was off to the press, so Thomas Jefferson spent July 4, 1776, in search of a decent thermometer. By lunchtime, a breeze ruffled the red brick of Philadelphia’s Independence Hall. Rain clouds tumbled in. A southwest wind swung through the streets, setting tavern signs to wheel and squeak, but the skies held. The city’s brutal summer melted into mild. Jefferson, a citizen scientist who tracked the weather wherever he went, grew eager to get a reliable read.

On Second Street, Jefferson nipped into John Sparhawk’s busy London Book-Store. Crowned with a unicorn and mortar logo, the emporium boasted new medicines, literature and “an assortment of curious hardware.” Continue reading

Longenecker: Be Still and Read!

The future will belong to the literate, not the un-literate, and the decline of reading will invariably be corrected by those at the forefront of the educational revolution sweeping America – and that is the rise of classical education.

“Reading by the Sea” (1910), by Vittorio Matteo Corcos

Some years ago I was discussing with a Benedictine abbot the trends he was experiencing among postulants and novices at the abbey. “Two of the most startling things” he observed “is their inability to sit still, and the their inability to curl up with a good book.”

The decline of reading has also been noticed among college educators. This article in The Atlantic reports that college professors are alarmed by the unwillingness and inability of their students to read a book. Continue reading

The Importance of the Law: Comments from Frédéric Bastiat’s Insights

Introduction ~ Frédéric Bastiat is arguably one of the most important yet forgotten political economists of the eighteenth century. His defense of liberty, natural rights, private property rights, rule of law and justice make him a key figure in the development of classical liberal political thought. The purpose of this article is to analyze Bastiat’s insights into the nature of the rule of law and justice and how the perversion of law has been developed by Government authorities who in his own words, have used the power conferred to them by the electorate, to make use of “legal plunder” in order to pursue a private interests and advance a personal agenda in detriment of the individual in society. Continue reading

Annie: Public Education Lost Its Way, So Parents Are Flocking to School Choice

Exhausted and tired female student studying outdoors.

Tell most parents about the concept of school choice or Education Savings Accounts (ESAs) and they almost immediately jump on board. The idea of having the financial freedom to choose the education that best suits their children is a dream come true for many families, so it’s no surprise that consistently 70-75% of school parents support the idea.

But there are still a handful of naysayers, particularly those who fear that school choice will drain the public schools of necessary funds. After all, they argue, our country needs public education, and if we don’t have enough money for public schools, that essential component of our nation’s freedom and success will vanish.

The problem is, what many consider public schools today may not be the type of educational institutions that our nation’s founders envisioned. Continue reading

The Public Has Spoken: School Choice Is the Future

Simply put, the education system as we know it has collapsed into a dysfunctional mess.

Today’s schools teach only the ugliest parts of US history, turning students off from civic engagement. – Shutterstock

If there’s any doubt about that, consider the following 2024 statewide assessments by the Minnesota Department of Education:

* Half (50.1%) of all public school students struggle to read

* Only 47% of 3rd-grade students are proficient in reading

* Only 52% of 10th-grade students are proficient in reading

* More than half (54%) of all public students are not proficient in math

* A mere 35% of 11th-grade students are proficient in math

There are roughly 870,000 students in Minnesota’s public school system. 435,000 struggle to read while nearly 470,000 are not proficient in math. Continue reading

Why Children — and the Rest of Us — STILL Need Mister Rogers

Mister Rogers reminds us of the importance of communication, gratitude, kindness, and more kindness.

Fred Rogers, known as Mr. Rogers, was the creator and host of the beloved children’s television show “Mister Rogers’ Neighborhood.” MovieStillsDB

From 1968 to 2001, tens of millions of Americans, most of them children, watched “Mister Rogers’ Neighborhood” on television. He enthralled the preschool set, puzzled many adults – was this guy for real? – and was so one-of-kind that comedians such as Eddie Murphy parodied him.

Behind his famous pair of sneakers and cardigan sweater, Fred Rogers (1928–2003) was a man of many talents and gifts. He was a musician and songwriter, composing most of the songs used on his show. Although he never headed up a church, he was an ordained Presbyterian minister and a lifelong reader of the Bible. He studied child psychology and was a pioneer in children’s television. Continue reading

Being Present With Our Children

Parents who learn alongside their children often share their enthusiasm as well. (LightField Studios/Shutterstock)

Being present and engaged with our children in everyday life is difficult. Our attention is being pulled in a thousand directions! Especially in the modern digital age, parents face more distractions and more demands on our limited time than ever before. It’s enough for parents to feel like throwing up our hands and giving up. Continue reading

12 Things Boomers Learned in School That Are Totally Irrelevant Today

Everything we learned was relevant. I learned how to type on an old school typewriter – by touch – and trained for speed. Carryover… I can type 100 words/minute on my iPad and laptop. This has served me well as technology has evolved. ~ Kelley Havens

Seeing how bad students perform today as a conglomerate, as a boomer, I am dismayed at how studies like math are taught today. Thank goodness My fifth grade teacher taught us mental math, and it’s sad to see a young cashier today manually try to give change when you give $3.27 for a $3.22 charge. Over reliance on technology is not a valid substitute for knowing how to do something and understand what is being done. Computers lead many today with a nose ring. ~ Rick Camacho

Annie: Want to Make a Difference in Society? Start by Reading a Book

(Flickr-Wonder woman0731, CC BY 2.0)

If you’ve made it this far into the year and are still maintaining your New Year’s resolutions, congratulations!

But if you, like most of us, have already failed at these efforts of reform, take heart. There’s still time to make changes, even small ones. And my suggestion for that small change is that you start by choosing one book to read this year. Continue reading

President McKinley and the Meddler’s Trap

US Philippine War cartoon

The following quote from an article published by Aroop Mukharji on October 1, 2023 in the International Security Journal, provides insight to President William McKinley’s handling of the Philippine Islands and military intervention in the late 1890’s. It reads,

“The meddler’s trap denotes a situation of self-entanglement, whereby a leader inadvertently creates a problem through military intervention, feels they can solve it, and values solving the new problem more because of the initial intervention. The inflated valuation is driven by a cognitive bias called the endowment effect, according to which individuals tend to overvalue goods they feel they own. A military intervention causes a feeling of ownership of the foreign territory, triggering the endowment effect.”

According to a simple definition from dictionary.com, “meddle” means “to involve oneself in a matter without right or invitation; interfere officiously and unwantedly.” Meddling defines many US foreign policy decisions where the “meddler’s trap” begins with President McKinley. Continue reading

Sjursen: America’s War on Dissent Began a Century Ago

The roots of the our ruling class’ disdain for protest movements can be traced all the back to World War I. (Part 2 of a two-part essay)

Trench warfare during World War I. (Wikimedia Commons)

Upon U.S. entry into the war, in 1917 the Wilson administration proposed and a compliant Congress almost immediately passed the Espionage Act, a direct attack on American press freedom. The law criminalized newspaper journalists who dared to oppose the war, question the official narrative, or encourage dissent. Massive fines and stiff prison sentences were dealt out with regularity throughout the war. The postmaster general, Albert Burleson, used the Act with particular vigor, banning socialist and anti-war publications from the mails, which then was the only serious method of media distribution. Continue reading

Jimmy Carter: A Man of Vision, Faith and Humility

In his announcement speech for his presidential run , in 1974, Georgia Governor Jimmy Carter said there were things he would not do to become President: “I would not tell a lie. I would not mislead the American people … and I would not betray your trust.”

If anything defined President Carter, it was his basic decency and morality. Continue reading

Illiterate Graduate Sues School Board, Highlights National Problem

…and what you about to read clarifies the reasons why Homeschooling is more important in the early years of your child’s education. Put your children – AHEAD of the CLASS! ~ Editor

A Connecticut student who can’t read or write earned a diploma and attends university, while Oregon suspends literacy graduation requirements through 2028.

A few weeks before high school graduation, Aleysha Ortiz had some stern words for Hartford Board of Education members at their meeting in Hartford, Connecticut on May 7, 2024.

“I felt like they didn’t care about my future,” she said, referring to her school. “I truly believe that you do not value me as a student and as a human being and that you do not care about my education.”
Continue reading

Annie: Raising Boys to Have a Strong Moral Compass

“Training a boy to manhood requires them to attain knowledge and courage”. ~ Theodore Roosevelt

We all saw horrifying images and heard heartbreaking stories about the devastation wrought by Hurricane Helene. But chances are you also heard a few stories of hope, of people lending a hand to those in need. I heard one of these a few days after the storm, compliments of some friends living in the area.

Although their home was high enough to avoid getting swept away in the deluge, my friends were cut off from the outside world for a few days as a nearby creek became a raging river. While waiting to evacuate, the family’s two early- to mid-teenage sons heard screams coming through their window one night while reading before bedtime. When they couldn’t find their father – who was, unbeknownst to them, trying to get some news from the outside world on the car radio – they took matters into their own hands, grabbing some equipment and heading out to the creek, where they rescued their neighbor from debris and a partially submerged car. Continue reading

Sjursen: America’s Dangerous Inheritance From World War I

The U.S. war on the free press, free speech, and dissent more generally, are all rooted in the so-called “Good War.”

A U.S. soldier stands watch in a trench in the Alsace region of Germany in the spring of 1918. (The National Guard / CC BY 2.0)

“War is the health of the state.” So said the eerily prescient and uncompromising anti-war radical Randolph Bourne in the very midst of what Europeans called the Great War, a nihilistic conflict that eventually consumed the lives of at least 9 million soldiers, including some 50,000 Americans. He meant, ultimately, that wars — especially foreign wars — inevitably increase the punitive and regulatory power of government.

He opposed what Americans commonly term the First World War on those principled grounds. Though he’d soon die a premature death, Bourne had correctly predicted the violations of civil liberties, deceptive propaganda, suppression of immigrants, vigilantism, and press restriction that would result on the home front, even as tens of thousands of American boys were slaughtered in the trenches of France. Continue reading

Who Were the Navajo Code Talkers?

The Navajo code, based on the language of the Navajo Nation, was considered unbreakable.

The United States’ Navajo code secured victories at major turning point battles and remained unbroken by the end of World War II. But it wasn’t a series of random, encrypted characters — it was a pre-existing language.

During the war, the U.S. Marine Corps enlisted members of the Navajo Nation, a Native American population and reservation in what is now Utah, Arizona and New Mexico. Their originally unwritten language became the basis of a code that was used in most Marine operations in the Pacific Theater, according the U.S. Intelligence Community, a group of federal agencies dedicated to national security. Continue reading

Annie: Americans Rediscover Noah Webster’s Secret in Their Search for Stability, Meaning, and Happiness

Noah Webster

If you’re a normal person, you’ve likely done a double take some time in the last year as your eye rested on a news headline so crazy – even in this unbelievably chaotic world of ours – that you couldn’t believe it. Evidence that such craziness is now a common occurrence shows itself in the popularity of news sites such as “Not the Bee,” whose tagline is “your source for headlines that should be satire, but aren’t.”

But there are still some normal headlines out there that also cause us to do mental double takes, largely because they run completely opposite this trend by offering unbelievably positive news. Such was the case when I came across a Wall Street Journal headline proclaiming, “Sales of Bibles Are Booming.”

The article largely attributed these booming Bible sales to the heightened marketing tactics of Christian booksellers. But it also acknowledged that some seismic cultural factors may be playing a role in the 22 percent increase in U.S. Bible sales this year. In fact, as I read those quoted in the article – everyone from a social media influencer to a Nevada mother – I began realizing that they were all citing three main reasons for their renewed interest in the Bible, namely, a search for stability, meaning, and happiness. Continue reading

Teaching Children the Joy of Work

Chores bolster children’s self-esteem and prepare them for adulthood.

   When kids help with tasks around the house, they learn how to contribute value to their community. Biba Kayewich

For the third time, you start unloading the dishwasher. A few more plates find their home in the cupboard before the cries of the toddler in the other room shatter the silent sanctuary you foolishly attempted to construct. Again.

You hurry to the adjoining room. His tower of blocks has again betrayed him with diabolical malfeasance, collapsing into hopeless ruin – much like your hopes of completing any housework. What to do? Continue reading